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nilgir details

The Nilgiris - District Profile
            HISTORY OF NILGIRIS DISTRICT
                The Nilgiris, because of its natural charm and pleasant climate, was a place of Special attraction for the Europeans.   In 1818, Mr. Whish and Kindersley, who were assistants to the Collector of Coimbatore, discovered the place Kotagiri near Rengaswamy  peak. John Sullivan, the then Collector of Coimbatore was greatly interested in this part of the country.  He established his residence there and reported to the Board of Revenue on 31st July 1819. 
                   The Name ‘Nilgiris’ means Blue hills (Neelam – Blue and giri – Hill or Mountain) the first mention of this name  has been found in the Silappadikaram. There is a belief that the people living in the plains at the foot of the hills, should have given the name, the Nilgiris, in view of the violet blossoms of ‘kurinji’ flower enveloping the hill ranges periodically. The earliest reference to the political history of the Nilgiris,  according to W.Francis   relates to the Ganga Dynasty of  Mysore.
                   Immediately after the Nilgiris was ceded to the British in 1789, it became a part of Coimbatore district. In August 1868 the Nilgiris was separated from the Coimbatore District. James Wilkinson Breeks took over the administration of the Nilgiris as its Commissioner. In February 1882, the Nilgiris was made a district and a Collector was appointed in the place of the Commissioner. On 1st February 1882, Richard Wellesley Barlow who was the then Commissioner became the First Collector of Nilgiris.
                        Geographical Location of the District
                The Nilgiris is situated at an elevation of 900 to 2636 meters above MSL. Its latitudinal and longitudinal dimensions being 130 KM (Latitude : 10 - 38 WP 11-49N) by 185 KM (Longitude : 76.0 E   to 77.15 E). The Nilgiris is bounded on North by Karnataka State on the West by Coimbatore District, Erode District, South by Coimbatore District and Kerala State and as the East by Kerala State.        In Nilgiris District the topography is rolling and steep. About 60% of the cultivable land falls under the slopes ranging from 16 to 35%
                            Area and Population
          The District has an area of 2452.50 sq.km. As per 2001 census the population of this district is as follows
  Total Population Male Population Female Population Sex Ratio Area Density
Total 762141 378351 383790 1014 1806.16 421.97
Rural 307532 151874 155658 1025 742.84 413.99
Urban 454609 226477 228132 1007 2549.00 178.35
 District Administration
The Nilgiris District Comprises of six taluks viz Udhagamandalam, Kundah, Coonoor, Kotagiri, Gudalur and Pandalur. These taluks are divided in to four Panchayat Unions viz., Udhagamandalam, Coonoor, Kotagiri and Gudalur besides two Municipalities, Wellington Contonment and Aruvankadu Township. The District consists of 56 Revenue Villages and 15 Revenue Firkas. There are two Revenue Divisional in this district viz., Coonoor and Gudalur. There are 35 Village Panchayat and 13 Town Panchayat in this District.

Name of the Revenue Division

Name of the Taluk

No. of Revenue Firkas

No. of  Revenue Villages
Town Panchayat Village Panchayat
Coonoor
Udhagai
3
13
Udhagai
4 13
Kundah
2
7
Coonoor
3
9
Coonoor
4 6
Kotagiri
3
15
Kotagiri
1 11
Gudalur
Gudalur
2
8
Gudalur 4 5
Pandalur
2
4
Irrigation Source
         There are no irrigation schemes in this district. The crops are mainly rain fed. Check Dams have been constructed wherever it is possible to exploit natural springs.
Crops
         The Nilgiris District is basically a Horticulture District and the entire economy of the district depends upon the success and failure of Horticulture Crops like Potato, Cabbage, Carrot, Tea, Coffee, Spices and Fruits. The main cultivation is plantation Crops, viz., Tea and Coffee. Potato and other vegetables are raised in Udhagai and Coonoor Taluks. Paddy and Ginger are grown in Gudalur and Pandalur Taluks. Paddy is also grown in Thengumarahada area in Kotagiri Taluk. Besides these crops, Ragi, Samai, Wheat, Vegetables etc., are also grown in small extent throughout the district.
Rainfall
          The District usually receives rain both during South West Monsoon and North East Monsoon. The entire Gudalur and Pandalaur, Kundah Taluks and portion of Udhagamandalam Taluk receive rain by the South West Monsoon and some portion of Udhagamandalam Taluk and the entire Coonoor and Kotagiri Taluks are benefited by the rains of North East Monsoon. There are 16 rainfall Registering stations in the district
Average annual rainfall of the District is 1920.80 m.m
MONTH
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Dist. Total
 NORMAL
/YEAR
17.6
13.2
24.3
79.6
133.3
231.5
405.7
270.6
152.2
186.9
127.9
52.9
1695.7
1980
0.0
0.0
21.0
62.3
101.0
348.5
321.6
148.1
128.7
133.3
221.9
8.6
1495.0
1981
3.5
0.0
45.1
54.0
102.9
254.3
280.0
453.7
307.3
297.3
107.1
58.5
1963.7
1982
0.0
0.0
2.1
30.8
99.6
149.6
186.6
218.5
96.2
164.4
239.7
18.6
1206.1
1983
4.5
4.5
10.9
11.0
95.7
197.8
251.8
234.3
243.4
166.8
62.4
227.8
1510.9
1984
63.9
84.7
243.9
85.1
76.3
264.3
849.0
270.4
179.7
0.0
227.3
9.1
2353.7
1985
44.9
24.8
31.4
93.8
150.9
274.5
100.1
179.2
227.8
127.6
148.0
99.3
1502.3
1986
58.6
62.3
30.5
28.0
95.8
121.9
163.5
250.5
171.5
156.5
96.6
63.0
1298.7
1987
15.7
2.2
17.7
19.2
88.2
232.2
78.2
188.2
107.9
241.4
173.4
176.9
1341.2
1988
0.0
3.7
37.8
102.5
79.5
117.4
309.2
195.5
210.5
720.2
60.7
39.1
1876.1
1989
1.0
0.0
37.1
109.6
84.2
192.5
406.3
104.3
152.7
148.1
95.2
18.3
1349.3
1990
66.4
3.0
13.3
47.5
131.7
138.9
138.0
243.1
75.6
347.5
126.2
44.1
1375.3
1991
19.1
19.1
6.9
94.0
60.6
275.5
361.2
187.8
126.7
280.2
120.0
3.6
1554.7
1992
0.0
0.0
0.0
77.0
116.2
141.6
208.0
135.0
132.2
293.2
122.0
1.0
1226.2
1993
0.0
0.0
0.0
77.0
120.0
248.5
269.6
269.1
110.4
248.8
337.2
101.9
1782.5
1994
11.9
25.2
13.7
108.6
84.7
248.8
424.2
142.5
185.3
302.5
242.4
6.6
1796.4
1995
38.6
0.0
33.2
53.2
100.5
206.1
316.3
246.4
181.8
193.9
141.3
3.0
1514.3
1996
23.8
49.4
26.8
124.0
72.4
283.8
254.4
133.8
210.9
229.5
67.1
226.4
1702.3
1997
31.1
0.0
28.3
28.5
78.1
136.9
282.5
278.3
169.0
253.2
208.4
68.6
1562.9
1998
2.5
0.0
3.7
27.9
63.7
266.7
341.2
222.0
212.7
159.1
263.0
257.3
1819.8
1999
0.0
33.9
10.0
69.1
120.8
113.9
386.6
128.8
80.7
451.2
159.6
35.1
1589.7
2000
0.0
46.2
0.0
39.9
167.1
183.8
156.7
347.5
240.5
101.0
169.1
116.3
1568.1
2001
12.7
1.3
70.3
195.2
22.4
203.2
250.4
187.3
157.9
132.3
169.4
65.9
1468.3
2002
9.0
7.2
22.5
46.1
124.0
186.5
79.0
277.0
60.4
168.1
64.0
4.6
1048.4
2003
0.0
20.4
109.2
66.0
27.8
160.1
205.5
152.6
58.8
295.0
164.0
12.3
1271.7
2004
32.9
16.3
3.6
65.9
358.4
341.9
109.5
221.1
271.2
326.7
236.5
1.6
1985.6
2005
18.7
4.5
29.9
197.2
80.6
146.5
451.1
229.5
205.4
239.6
264.4
53.2
1920.6
2006
16.1
0.0
66.3
52.0
232.1
 235.5
314.3
166.3
221.0
293.0
231.0
21.4
1747.1
2007
7.8
18.3
7.3
63.5
92.2
437.5
398.5
353.9
210.9
234.5
76.88
144.2
2045.5
2008
1.88 142.58 244.42 36.35 83.35 227.01 329.81 272.0 221.18 374.20 46.43 27.25 2006.46
2009
1.00 0.0 80.01 41.96 114.10 161.30 686.80 176.92 201.11 157.76 547.09 67.04 2235.09
Climate
          Since this district is situated at an elevation of 900 to 2636 meters about MSL during summer the climate remains to the Maximum of 21 degree Celsius to 25 degree  Celsius and the minimum of 10degree Celsius to 12degree Celsius . During the winter the temperature available to the maximum 16degree Celsius  to 21degree Celsius. and minimum of 2degree Celsius.
Literacy 
  Total Literates Male Literates Female Literates Literacy Rate Area Density
Rural 202668 113834 88834 74.26 742.84 413.99
Urban 338431 182739 155692 83.9 2549.00 178.35
Total 541099 296573 244526 80.01 1806.16 421.97
Transport
          The Nagapattinam - Gudalur National  Highway Passes through this district. All the taluks are connected with Major District Roads. The village roads are maintained by Panchayat Union. There is no sea port or Airport in this district.
Electricity
There are 8 Hydel Power Houses in this district.
        1. Pykara Power House
        2. Pykara Micro Power House
        3. Moyar Power House
        4. Kundah Power House - I
        5. Kundah Power House-II
        6. Kundah Power House - III
        7. Kundah Power House - IV
        8. Kundah Power House - V
Health Infrastructure
            There are one District Head Quarters Government Hospital, 5 Taluk Hospitals, 28 Primary Health Centres, 194 Health Sub-Centres and 5 Plague circles.